Adjectives indicate the character of the nouns. Their
function is to explain a noun, so its position is before a noun.
A. Adjectives
identification
Identifying
adjectives is based on the suffixs, they are :
01. Suffix –al special, national etc.
02. Suffix –ent convenient
etc.
03. Suffix –ous religious, posionous etc.
04. Suffix –ic scientific,
heroic etc.
05. Suffix
–y healthy,
wealthy etc.
06. Suffix
–ive active, native etc.
07. Suffix
–ed related,
fried etc.
08. Suffix
–able believable, unforgeteble etc.
09. Suffix
–ful careful,
painful etc.
10. Suffix
–less hopeless, useless etc.
11. Suffix –ing interesting, amazing etc.
12. Suffix
–an Indonesian, American etc.
13. Suffix
–ar particular, peculiar etc.
14. Suffix
–en golden, wooden etc.
15. Suffix
–ary ordinary etc.
16. Suffix
–ish childish, redish etc.
B. Function of adjectives
1. Explains an adjective
Examples : He is sick OLD
2. Explains a
verb
Examples : My dream comes TRUE
3. Explains adverb
Examples : He is left FAR behind
C. Kind of adjectives
1. Proper
adjectives
Examples : Indonesian, Sundanese etc.
2. Possessive adjectives
Examples : my, your, his, her, Its,
our, their etc.
3. Qualitative adjectives
Examples
: good, bad, expensive, cheap etc.
4. Quantitative adjectives
Examples : some, few, several, many,
plenty of, a lot of, lots of (countable nouns).
much,
great deal of, a little (uncountable).
D.
Position of adjectives
1. After nouns
Examples : The window one meter wide.
2. After verbs
Examples : He looks happy. He feel
angry.
3. After object personal
Examples : She makes me crazy.
4. After compliment of sentences
Examples : I like my coffee black. She
keeps the room clean.
5. After object of
nouns
Examples : She hopes to marry someone
rich.
E.
Degree Comparison
1. Equal degree comparison
Examples : He is AS GOOD AS his brother.
2. Regular degree comparison
Positive Comparative Superlative
Old OldER OldEST
Happy HappiER HappiEST
3. Irregular degree comparison
Positive Comparative Superlative
Bad/Ill Worse Worst
Good/well Better Best
Many/much More Most
Late Later Last
Little Less Least
Far Further Furthest
By adding ‘er’ and ‘est’
|
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
bright
|
brighter
|
Brightest
|
bold
|
bolder
|
Boldest
|
clever
|
cleverer
|
Cleverest
|
cold
|
colder
|
Coldest
|
fast
|
faster
|
Fastest
|
great
|
greater
|
Greatest
|
high
|
higher
|
Highest
|
kind
|
kinder
|
Kindest
|
long
|
longer
|
Longest
|
small
|
smaller
|
Smallest
|
strong
|
stronger
|
Strongest
|
Sweet
|
sweeter
|
Sweetest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By adding ‘r’ and ‘st’
|
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
brave
|
braver
|
bravest
|
fine
|
finer
|
finest
|
large
|
larger
|
largest
|
nice
|
nicer
|
nicest
|
noble
|
nobler
|
noblest
|
simple
|
simpler
|
simplest
|
wise
|
wiser
|
wisest
|
white
|
whiter
|
whitest
|
By deleting the final ‘y’
and adding ‘ier’ and ‘iest’
|
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
costly
|
costlier
|
costliest
|
dry
|
drier
|
driest
|
easy
|
easier
|
easiest
|
happy
|
happier
|
happiest
|
heavy
|
heavier
|
heaviest
|
lazy
|
lasier
|
lasiest
|
mercy
|
mercier
|
merciest
|
wealthy
|
wealthier
|
wealthiest
|
By doubling the final
consonats
|
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
big
|
bigger
|
biggest
|
dim
|
dimmer
|
dimmest
|
fat
|
fatter
|
fattest
|
hot
|
hotter
|
hottest
|
thin
|
thinner
|
thinnest
|
By using more and most
|
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIVE
|
active
|
more active
|
most active
|
attractive
|
more attractive
|
most attractive
|
beautiful
|
more beautiful
|
most beautiful
|
brilliant
|
more brilliant
|
most brilliant
|
careful
|
more careful
|
most careful
|
courageous
|
more courageous
|
most ourageou
|
cunning
|
more cunning
|
most cunning
|
difficult
|
more difficult
|
most difficult
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Irregular Comparison
|
POSITIVE
|
COMPARATIVE
|
SUPERLATIV
|
bad
|
worse
|
worst
|
evil
|
worse
|
worst
|
good
|
better
|
best
|
ill
|
worse
|
worst
|
well
|
better
|
best
|
late
|
later
|
latest
|
little
|
less
|
least
|
much
|
more
|
most
|
many
|
more
|
most
|
near
|
nearer
|
nearest
|
old
|
older
|
oldest
|
old
|
elder
|
eldest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Adjectives
and Preposition
Adjective has combination with
preposition and form phrasal adjectives.
Examples: OF -- (Afraid-full-ashamed-aware-fond-tired)
WITH
-- (Angry-familiar-pleased-delighted)
AT
--
(Different-free-distant)
FROM, (Good- hopeless)
TO -- (Close-next)
G.
Order of Adjectives
The simplest structure of adjective order
is :
Size Quality Age Color
The most complicated order is :
01. General qualitative
adjectives (good,
bad etc)
02. Mental qualitative adjectives (clever, stupid etc)
03. Measurement qualitative
adjectives (big, small etc)
04. Age/ temperature (young, hot etc)
05. Shape (round, square etc)
06. Color (white, black etc)
07. Verb participle (fried,
carved etc)
08. Material (wooden, golden etc)
09. Origin/ nationality
(Indonesian, American)
10. Nouns (chair, table)
Some adjectives give a specific opinion. We
only use these adjectives to describe particular kinds of noun, Examples : Nice tasty soup, A nasty uncomfortable
armchair.
Sometimes we have unusual three adjectives : a nice handsome
young man;
H. List of Qualitative Adjectives
Ancient x Modern Handsome x Ugly
Arrogant x Modest Happy x Sad
Artificial x Genuine Heavy x Light
Beautiful x Ugly Large x Narrow
Bright x Dark Near x Far
Clean x
Dirty New x Old
Clever x Stupid Old x Young
Deep x Banal Quick x Late
Diligent x Lazy Right x Left
Dry x Wet Ripe x Raw
Dangerous x Safe Rough x Smooth
Easy x Hard Sharp x Blunt
Easy x Difficult Smart x Fool
Even x Odd Soft x Hard
Expensive x Cheap Tall x Short
Familiar x Strange Tame x Wild
Fast x Slow Thin x Thick
ALFABETHICAL
ADJECTIVES
A
abject adequate amusing artificial
absolute adverse anxious artful
abundant almighty approdite available
accused amazing appropriate aware
addicted amiss arid awful
B
bare benign bold bright
bashful blur breathless broad
C
candid classy compulsory courageous
cautious clumsy conscious crucial
charitable common confident crude
chaste compatible contagious cunning
D
dead definite desperate dizzy
deaf dense disposable dumb
delicious devout distant durable
E
earthly endmost equal evil
eligible enormous especial expert
eminent entire essential extinct
endless envious evident extraordinary
F
faint feasible flaming fragile
faithful fierce fluent fussy
G
ghostlike generous graceful gracious
H
hale haunted honest huge
harm healthy horrible humble
hasty holly hostile humid
I
idle immediate immune impatient
ignorant immense impartial incredible
imaginary immoral impossible independent
J
jealous jerky jeopardy jocular
L
leafy lethal liable lonely
M
magnificent martial miraculous moist
main mature miscellaneous mute
manful mild miserable mutual
N
naked naughty nervous noisy
nasty neat nil nude
native necessary noble nutritious
O
obedient obvious ordinary outstanding
P
pale peaceful plain pregnant
paramount perishable pliable prime
particular perpetual polite prominent
patient pious precise punctual
R
rampant rare resistant ridiculous
rapid recent restricted righteous
S
Sacred senile simultaneous stingy
safe separated sole straight
satisfied shady sorrowful strange
savage shy steady suitable
secure significant sticky supreme
T
temporary terrific thrifty timid
U-V-W
ultimate urgent virtual worth
Exercises
1. The baseball player hit the
ball________________(hard).
(a) The baseball player hit the ball
hardly.
(b)
The baseball player hit the ball hard
. (c) Don’t Know
2. Come _______________(quick). We
need your help.
(a) Come quickly. We need your help.
(b) Come quick. We need your help.
(c) Don’t Know
3. You should
drive______________(slow) along the wet road.
(a) You should drive slow along the wet road.
(b) You should drive slowly along the wet road.
(c) Don’t Know
4. The old man walks very
____________(slow).
(a) The old man walks very slow.
(b) The old man walks very slowly.
(c) Don’t Know
5. Kelly is a very ___________(slow)
student.
(a) Kelly is a very slow student.
(b) Kelly is a very slowly student.
(c) Don’t Know
6. Her brother learns
____________(rapid).
(a) Her brother learns rapidly.
(b) Her brother learns rapid.
(c) Don’t Know
Exercises
Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets
(comparative or superlative)
- My house is (big)
than yours.
- This flower is (beautiful)
than that one.
- This is the (interesting) book I have ever read.
- Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers.
- Which is the (dangerous) animal in the world?
- A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the mountains.
- It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) than a beer.
- Who is the (rich) woman on earth?
- The weather this summer is even (bad) than last summer.
- He was the (clever) thief of all.
Fill
in the comparison with as ... as.
- John is (tall)
Glen.
- Janet is (beautiful) Jeniffer.
- You are (crazy) my sister.
- We can run (fast) they can.
- My mom is (not / strict) your mum.
- Your mobile phone is (not / trendy) mine.
- Matrix II was (not / interesting) Matrix I.
- This yoghurt (not / taste / good) the one I bought yesterday.
- I can do (many / press-ups) you.
- I (not / earn / much / money) you do.
